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Breaking News: Major deep carbon sink linked to microbes found near volcano chains - News Paper-News of the United States was founded in 1933 by David Lawrence (1888-1973), which also started the World Report in 1946. The two magazines are covering national and international news separately, but Lawrence combines them into news reports of U.S. in World and 1948 [1] and Later sold the magazine to its employees. Historically, this magazine tends to be a bit more conservative than the two main competitors, Time and Newsweek, and focus more on the story of economic, health, and education. It's also distancing news, entertainment and sports celebrities. [2] an important milestone in the history of the beginning of the magazine is including the introduction of the "Washington Whispers" column in 1934 and the column "News You Can Use" in 1952. [3] [4] in 1958, the circulation of the weekly magazine passed one million and two million in 1973. (wikipedia) Breaking News: Major deep carbon sink linked to microbes found near volcano chains - News Paper
Up to about 19 percent more carbon dioxide than previously believed is removed naturally and stored underground between coastal trenches and inland chains of volcanoes, keeping the greenhouse gas from entering the atmosphere, according to a study in the journal Nature.
Calcite deposits near a waterfall in Costa Rica [Credit: Peter Barry]
Surprisingly, subsurface microbes play a role in storing vast amounts of carbon by incorporating it in their biomass and possibly by helping to form calcite, a mineral made of calcium carbonate, Rutgers and other scientists found. Greater knowledge of the long-term impact of volcanoes on carbon dioxide and how it may be buffered by chemical and biological processes is critical for evaluating natural and human impacts on the climate. Carbon dioxide is the major greenhouse gas linked to global warming.
"Our study revealed a new way that tiny microorganisms can have an outsized impact on a large-scale geological process and the Earth's climate," said co-author Donato Giovannelli, a visiting scientist and former post-doc in the Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences at Rutgers University-New Brunswick. He is now at the University of Naples in Italy.
How carbon is cycled near volcano chains [Credit: Patricia Barcala Dominguez]
Giovannelli is a principal investigator for the interdisciplinary study, which involves 27 institutions in six nations. Professor Costantino Vetriani in the Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences and Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology in the School of Environmental and Biological Sciences is one of the Rutgers co-authors. The study covers how microbes alter the flow of volatile substances that include carbon, which can change from a solid or liquid to a vapor, in subduction zones. Such zones are where two tectonic plates collide, with the denser plate sinking and moving material from the surface into Earth's interior.
The subduction, or geological process, creates deep-sea trenches and volcanic arcs, or chains of volcanoes, at the boundary of tectonic plates. Examples are in Japan and South and Central America. Arc volcanoes are hot spots for carbon dioxide emissions that re-enter the atmosphere from subducted material, which consists of marine sediment, oceanic crust and mantle rocks, Giovannelli said. The approximately 1,800-mile-thick mantle of semi-solid hot rock lies beneath the Earth's crust.
The Earth's core, mantle and crust account for 90 percent of carbon. The other 10 percent is in the ocean, biosphere and atmosphere. The subduction zone connects the Earth's surface with its interior, and knowing how carbon moves between them is important in understanding one of the key processes on Earth and regulating the climate over tens of millions of years.
The study focused on the Nicoya Peninsula area of Costa Rica. The scientists investigated the area between the trench and the volcanic arc - the so-called forearc. The research reveals that volcanic forearc are a previously unrecognized deep sink for carbon dioxide.
from The Archaeology News Network http://bit.ly/2UIcdKc
Breaking News: Major deep carbon sink linked to microbes found near volcano chains - News Paper
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