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Since 1983, it has been known mainly because of its annual report and rankings that influence in college and grad school, lies in most fields and subjects. U.s. News World Report is and academic institution is the oldest and most famous in America, [5] and covering the areas of business, law, medicine, engineering, social sciences, education and public affairs, in addition to many other areas. Print Edition] has consistently included in the list of national bestsellers, coupled with online subscriptions. Additional rankings published by U.s. News World Report and includes hospitals,Breaking News: New study may provide clues to how birds began to fly - News Paper, medical and specialty cars.
Breaking News: New study may provide clues to how birds began to fly - News Paper-News of the United States was founded in 1933 by David Lawrence (1888-1973), which also started the World Report in 1946. The two magazines are covering national and international news separately, but Lawrence combines them into news reports of U.S. in World and 1948 [1] and Later sold the magazine to its employees. Historically, this magazine tends to be a bit more conservative than the two main competitors, Time and Newsweek, and focus more on the story of economic, health, and education. It's also distancing news, entertainment and sports celebrities. [2] an important milestone in the history of the beginning of the magazine is including the introduction of the "Washington Whispers" column in 1934 and the column "News You Can Use" in 1952. [3] [4] in 1958, the circulation of the weekly magazine passed one million and two million in 1973. (wikipedia) Breaking News: New study may provide clues to how birds began to fly - News Paper
For the first time, researchers have measured what is known as the ground effect of flying animals -- and it turns out that they save a lot more energy by flying close to the ground than previously believed. The study from Lund University in Sweden supports one of the theories on how birds began to fly.
Daubenton's bat flying [Credit: Jens Rydell]
"Our measurements show that the ground effect saves animals twice as much energy as models have suggested.," says Christoffer Johansson, biologist at Lund University.
For the first time, Christoffer Johansson, together with colleagues Anders Hedenström at Lund University and Lasse Jakobsen at the University of Southern Denmark, have successfully managed to measure the ground effect when Daubenton's bats fly in a wind tunnel.
In short, the ground effect means that a surface, ground or water, acts as an aerodynamic mirror that increases the air pressure under the wings -- it costs less to generate lift. The ground effect is achieved within one wingspan of the surface, and the effect decreases exponentially with distance to the surface. An even surface, e.g. a calm lake where bats and birds catch insects or drink while they fly, provides optimal conditions. The new study also shows that animals use even less energy if they flap their wings rather than gliding near the ground.
Although the study was performed on bats, it has implications for birds and insects. One theory of how animals developed the art of flying is that they threw themselves between branches and trees. Another theory is that flying began on the ground. By running and jumping, proto-wings could have allowed the animals to run faster and jump higher and eventually flight evolved, a theory commonly known as the "ground up" theory. The corresponding theory behind today's flying insects is that they moved on the water surface and eventually evolved wings as a means of propelling themselves across the surface.
"This is obviously speculation, but if flapping animals save more energy than we previously believed by flying close to the ground, then the ground up theory becomes more probable, i.e. that the animals began to fly by first running and jumping on the ground with flapping precursors to wings.," says Christoffer Johansson.
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