Breaking News: Two 4,500-year-old houses found near Giza Pyramids - News Paper

Archaeologists have discovered two ancient houses near the Giza pyramids in Egypt. The structures may have housed officials responsible for overseeing the production of food for a paramilitary force more than 4,500 years ago.

The remains of a residence of an official can be seen in the foreground of this image. The enclosure that
the residence is located in may have been used for the containment and slaughtering of animals
[Credit: Copyright 2016 by Ancient Egypt Research Associates]

The residences were found in an ancient port at Giza that flourished at a time when the Pyramid of Menkaure was being constructed at Giza. (Menkaure was a pharaoh who reigned from around 2490 BC to 2472 BC)

One of the structures may have housed an official who oversaw the containment and slaughtering of animals for food, while a priest who was part of an institution called the "wadaat" may have lived in the other house, archaeologists said.

A virtual reconstruction of an official's residence. It is located near what appears to be a corral that held animals.
It's possible that the person who lived here oversaw the slaughtering of animals for food
[Credit: Copyright 2016 by Ancient Egypt Research Associates]

Seals found near the suspected priest's residence mention the wadaat, an ancient Egyptian institution whose priests could be high-ranking officials in government, said Mark Lehner, the director of Ancient Egypt Research Associates, the organization that led excavations at the two houses. This residence is attached to a structure that may have been used for malting, suggesting that its occupant oversaw brewing and baking operations at the time, Lehner said.

A virtual reconstruction of a courtyard located near an official's residence. The
shadows reflect the position of the sun as it appears on June 15 at 10 am
[Credit: Copyright 2016 by Ancient Egypt Research Associates]

The two residences are located near a series of structures called galleries, which may have housed a paramilitary force at Giza, Lehner said. These galleries may have held more than 1,000 people. Any food produced near the two residences was likely meant mainly for people living in the galleries, although some of the food could have reached people working at the Menkaure pyramid, Lehner said.

Just the food necessary to feed those living in the galleries would have been immense. The amount of emmer wheat required may have been 877.54 kilograms (1,934 lbs.) per day, calculated Claire Malleson, an archaeobotanist with Ancient Egypt Research Associates, in a paper published in the book "Exploring the Materiality of Food Stuffs" (Routledge, 2017).

The remains of a courtyard located near an official's residence. The image at top right shows what appears to be a large vat.
The image at bottom right shows two measuring bowls and the remains of a lamp (the shallow object is the lamp)
 [Credit: Copyright 2016 by Ancient Egypt Research Associates]

People would have had to bake this emmer wheat and turn it into bread. Those living in the galleries and labouring on the Menkaure pyramid would also have required a massive amount of meat.

The two residences are located in what Lehner believes was "basically the national port of its time," with goods and materials coming in from all over Egypt and the eastern Mediterranean. Archaeologists previously found other residences in this port, including a 21-room house used by scribes who worked in the port.

The reception hall for another residence is located at far right in this image. Sealings found in this area have writing on
them that refers to a "wadaat" of Menkaure. It's possible that the person who lived here was a priest who oversaw
baking and brewing operations in this area [Credit: Copyright 2016 by Ancient Egypt Research Associates]

A port was likely also in operation at Giza when the Great Pyramid was being constructed in the name of the Pharaoh Khufu (reign circa 2551–2528 BC). A logbook written by an inspector named Merer, who lived during the 27th year of Khufu's reign, appears to contain references to such a port. This logbook is in the process of being deciphered.

Excavations will resume in this area in 2019.

Author: Owen Jarus | Source: LiveScience [July 05, 2018]



from The Archaeology News Network https://ift.tt/2L3EoiB
Breaking News: Two 4,500-year-old houses found near Giza Pyramids - News Paper